In industry, the detection of anomalies such as scratches, dents, and discolorations is crucial to ensure product quality and safety. However, conventional methods rely on heavy computational ...

Optical 3D metrology enables fast, non-contact surface roughness measurement of defects and roughness for precise ...

Two questions asked in this paper were: is the measurement by 4D InSpec equivalent on the original surface in respect to a replica, that is, how similar are the results? And: under what circumstances ...