It’s a problem that has dogged electronic engineers since the first electrons were coaxed along a wire: that measuring instruments can themselves disrupt the operation of a circuit. Older multimeters ...

A team at the University of Otago created a non-contact gigahertz antenna that uses an enclosed vapor cell of excited rubidium atoms with laser beams for sensing their state. The underlying ...

The continuing advances in semiconductor functionality, density, and chip-level integration are generating new challenges in accessing devices for test and controlling the physical and electrical ...