Precise pressure regulation in nonlinear shell-and-tube steam condensers is essential for maintaining thermal efficiency and operational safety in power generation plants; however, conventional ...

Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) feedback controllers are the most widely used controllers in industry. Recently, the design of molecular PID-controllers has been identified as an important goal ...