Our immune system is divided into two main branches: innate and adaptive. Innate immune cells act as a first line of defense, quickly responding to invaders, while adaptive immune cells take a longer ...

Humans are protected by two branches of the immune system. Innate immunity provides built-in defense against widespread characteristics of bacteria and viruses, while adaptive immunity memorizes ...

The BCG vaccine protects against tuberculosis, but by inducing trained immunity it also protects against many more respiratory infections. International research led by the Radboudumc shows how this ...

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is one of the world’s oldest and most widely used vaccines. It was developed in the early 20th century to provide protection from tuberculosis. Surprisingly, this ...

In recent years, the field of immunology has increasingly focused on the role of glycolipids and sphingolipids in the differentiation and function of innate immune cells, such as macrophages, ...

Tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) kills upwards of 1.6 million people a year, making it one of the leading causes of death by an infectious agent worldwide - and ...

Innate immunity constitutes the body’s first line of defence against invading pathogens. This ancient, evolutionarily conserved system is activated within minutes of encountering foreign agents, ...

In 1901, Paul Ehrlich conducted one of the landmark experiments in immunology. While studying the immune response in goats using blood from other animals, ...

Scientists generally agree that eukaryotes, the domain of life whose cells contain nuclei and that includes almost all multicellular organisms, originated from a process involving the symbiotic union ...