Although the success rates of non-surgical treatments for Graves’ disease such as antithyroid medication and radioiodine ablation were good, there were still failure of treatments or intolerance for ...

Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, the butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck. While iodine deficiency is a major global cause, both too little and too much iodine can ...

Substernal goiters, defined by thyroid tissue descending beneath the thoracic inlet, present unique surgical challenges owing to their variable mediastinal extension and proximity to vital structures.