If you’re involved in trading, investing, business planning or international finance, you must know the difference between spot rates and forward rates. Understanding the difference plays a big role ...

Steven Nickolas is a writer and has 10+ years of experience working as a consultant to retail and institutional investors. Suzanne is a content marketer, writer, and fact-checker. She holds a Bachelor ...

Sean Ross is a strategic adviser at 1031x.com, Investopedia contributor, and the founder and manager of Free Lances Ltd. Suzanne is a content marketer, writer, and fact-checker. She holds a Bachelor ...

This paper examines the Post Keynesian proposition that the forward rate is determined by covered interest parity and that it is not a predictor of the future spot rate, as suggested by the unbiased ...

The U.S. dollar has seen some remarkable swings against major currencies recently. For example, over most of 2005, it gained nearly 18% against the yen and 13% against the euro, while between March ...

We offer a unifying empirical model of covered and uncovered currency premia, interest rates and spot and forward exchange rates, both in the cross section and time series of currencies. We find that ...

Currency hedging mitigates the additional volatility that exchange rates impose on foreign assets. But these currency-hedged strategies bear additional costs and can have tax implications. Our recent ...

This paper estimates, for the first time, the exchange rate elasticity of bilateral trade in services, providing indirect evidence of both producer currency pricing and dominant currency pricing in ...