Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2007;5(6):1135-1146. Diagnosing a secundum ASD is more often than not incidental because the defect normally causes symptoms late in adult life. Echocardiography and MRI ...

The coronary sinus (CS) refers to a collection of veins that join together to form a large blood vessel. This vein is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. A collection ...

There are 4.8 million patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) in the United States as of 2002, with an additional 400,000-700,000 new cases presenting each year. CHF remains the most frequent ...

INJURY to the invisible subendocardial conduction system during surgical closure of congenital defects in the ventricular septum is an uncommon but extremely grave complication. 1,2 Impalement of ...

Background A 57-year-old man presented with dyspnea and presyncope on exertion. He had previously been diagnosed with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and atrial fibrillation. A soft (grade II/VI), ...