Commercial parties often use the word “shall” to impose a contractual obligation. This Court of Appeal decision is an illustration of how the surrounding circumstances, including prior dealings, can ...

The coronavirus outbreak has stricken us all by its brutal implications on our daily lives. Alongside the invasion of personal space, the virus’ effects have not spared the business arena, and the ...

Moral obligations might seem strong enough to equate to a good legal contract, but moral obligations and legal contracts are completely separate entities. A moral obligation can be encoded into a ...