Ordinarily, if you want liquid to flow in only one direction through a pipe, that pipe needs to be equipped with a flap-type valve – which could fail. Now, however, scientists have created a new type ...

Flaps perform essential jobs. From pumping hearts to revving engines, flaps help fluid flow in one direction. Without them, keeping liquids going in the right direction is challenging to do.

During one of our never-ending technical discussions, Jim Grubbs at Jim Grubbs Motorsports (JGM) suggested that we take a look at the flow difference between 30- and 45-degree valve seats. While ...